HCE – Host-Guard-Emulation is a software architecture for NFC enabled mobile devices that provides exact virtual representation of various electronic identities (access, transit and banking etc.) cards using only software. Prior to the HCE architecture, NFC transactions were mainly carried out using secure elements, which were integrated into carrier-issued SIM cards.

HITAG is the name of a RFID-Cardsystem and a trademark from Philips.